What should the nurse assess for when caring for a patient with preeclampsia?

In caring for a patient with preeclampsia, it is crucial to assess for serious complications associated with the condition, making monitoring for cerebral edema, liver dysfunction, and fetal distress paramount. Preeclampsia can lead to severe complications, including eclampsia, which is characterized by seizures due to elevated blood pressure and associated neurological symptoms.

Cerebral edema can occur as a result of hypertension and can manifest as severe headaches, visual disturbances, or changes in consciousness, reflecting the need for vigilant neurological assessments. Liver dysfunction is another significant risk as preeclampsia can lead to hepatic changes, including elevated liver enzymes and even hepatic rupture in severe cases. Additionally, fetal distress is a critical factor since hypertension can compromise placental blood flow, leading to adverse outcomes for the fetus, such as fetal hypoxia or growth restriction.

Assessing for these severe manifestations helps in early identification of worsening preeclampsia and allows for timely interventions to ensure both maternal and fetal safety.